Racial Profiling And The United States - 2227 Words

On average, African American individuals are more likely to have criminal records or be involved in criminal activity more than other races in our society. This is the mind frame of the average American in the United States. Every African American individual in this country who has traveled, walked to the store at night or simply going shopping, either knowingly or unknowingly has been a victim of some type of racial profiling. People need to realize that racial profiling happens very often to innocent people that are targeted based on race and sometimes religion. Racial profiling can be defined as when an individual is stopped or detained because they are perceived to be more likely to be involved in some sort of criminal activity (Ward, 2002, 726). Racial profiling has been a huge issue in our society for many years especially for African Americans. African Americans are more prone to traffic stops, searches and arrests by law enforcement, are more likely to be victims of deadly fo rce, and are more often the victims of unfair rulings when being tried in a criminal court case versus other races that have committed the same crime. Many individuals see race and ethnicity as meaning the same thing but in reality they are separate and both have their own distinct identities. Race refers to the biological traits like our physical appearance, eye color, skin color and characteristics set by society that we identify with. Ethnicity on the other hand, is the culture, language, andShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1348 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world we deal with multiple cases of racial profiling seemingly on a daily basis. Turn on the television, check the internet, or simply have a discussion with someone and you’ll hear about it. Racial Profiling describes discriminatory practices by law enforcement officials who target people for suspicion of crime based on their ethnicity, race, origin, or religion. The term first came about during the War on Drugs in the 1970’s and 1980’s when law enforcement were accused of pullingRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1111 Words   |  5 Pagesbrutality on these individuals solely based on the ethnicity they possess. Racial profiling can be said to be synonymous with stereotypes. In fact, as Gross states, â€Å"In 1999, 81 percent of surveyors in a national poll agreed that racial profiling was an issue in the United States. â€Å"From Samuel R. Gross, â€Å"Racial Profiling Under Attack†, (June 2002): 1413. However, there is no end in sight, 16 years later, and the United States is still the same. On September 11, 2001 America was in shock because ofRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1465 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling Racial Profiling is just what it is. Targeting individuals for suspicion of a violation determined by the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Race and location are the supreme characteristics law enforcement visually examine when engaging in this type of profiling. African-American males are the primary victims of racial profiling in the United States. The phrase â€Å"driving while black† derive from African Americans protesting that they are pulled over by policeRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe 11th of September, 2001 was a momentous day in American history. 19 members of the terrorist group Al-Qaeda hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 United Airlines Flight 175, and crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Hijackers crashed the third plane into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth jet, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed into a field near Shanksville, Penn sylvania. Nearly 3,000 people lost their lives on 9/11 due to the terrorist attacks onRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1160 Words   |  5 Pagesby police and many other people for committing crimes. This is called racial profiling, and it is an issue going on around us. Some considers racial profiling a new phenomenon, and it is important to examine it because it is a foundational aspect of law and law enforcement in the United States. Glover in the book Racial Profiling: Research, Racism, and Resistance defines racial profiling in contemporary times â€Å"as the use of racial and or ethnic status as the determinant factor in decision to stop motoristRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1949 Words   |  8 Pages Racial Profiling Post 9/11 Rusat Ramgopal CRJBS 101 John Jay College Professor Gary Wright August 4, 2016 Racial Profiling Post 9/11 On September 11, 2001, nineteen hijackers associated with the terrorist group Al-Qaeda attacked the United States. They flew two planes into the World Trade Center and also attacked the Pentagon resulting inRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States2903 Words   |  12 PagesRacial profiling still exists in America. Racial profiling refers to law enforcement strategies and practices that single out individuals as objects of suspicion solely on the basis of mainly their race. Prejudice and racial profiling of law enforcement is responsible for many false arrests, convictions, and countless deaths of blacks in the United States. This is one of the main difficulties of life and obstacles minorities have to face in their life because for one they are a minority and twoRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States944 Words   |  4 Pages Ever Since being forced to the united states as slaves blacks have been exposed to racism and legal discrimination citizens of African descent in the United States living threw things like Jim crow laws which were laws set to legally separate blacks like they were lesser to white citizens, or dealing acts of terror by groups like the KKK or other racist whites. And most importantly going through slavery which heavily set blacks back. Black men as a whole in society are believed to have the toughestRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1883 Words   |  8 PagesRacial profiling remains a dormant issue in the United States. It is the act of the authority, mostly, police officers linking minority status to criminal behaviour (Glover, 2007). Several police officers in the United States target specific groups because they don’t display characteristics of typical Caucasian individuals (Glover, 2007). To put history into context, before 9/11, not many police officers profil ed individuals based on their ethnic backgrounds but after the attack, there was an increase

Big Sleep - 965 Words

How does your chosen film adhere to or diverge from the generic convention at play within the genre of the chosen film? ‘The Big Sleep (1946) starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall is one of Raymond Chandlers best hard-boiled detective mysteries transformed in to a Film Noir, private detective film classic. The Big Sleep is the best example of a classic Warner Brothers mystery. It is very complex, confusing L.A. private eye Phillip Marlowe takes on a blackmail case and follows a trail peopled with murders, pornographers, nightclub rouges and the indulged rich. Humphrey Bogart plays Raymond Chandlers legendary gumshoe and director Howard Hawks serves up quick paced character encounters mainly evolving Lauren Bacall, all†¦show more content†¦After this particular scene detective Marlowe follows Geiger and Carol Lundgren home from the bookstore to Geigers house. Jo Brody, Geigers blackmail and pornography associate, is already at the house, but his station wagon is in the back and Marlowe doesnt know hes there. Marlowe watches at the front of the house. After a while there is a gun - shot and two cars flee the scene. Geiger was probably taking pornographic photographic photographs of Carmen who is high on drugs. When he gets her out of the house and home to her sister they concocted a story to get her out of trouble. This whole sector of the film is filled with moral corruption. We also get a glimpse of more corruption within this film when Brody and Agnes, the lady at the bookstore go to Geigers store to collect the pornography and blackmail stuff before the police find out that Geigers dead and start an investigation. The blackmail starts when Brody in Geigers place gets Agnes to tell Mrs Rutledge and inform her that he has a picture of Carmen to sell for $5000. She then tells Marlowe about it when she comes to see him at his office because shes trying to figure out what the picture is and what Brody knows. So far shes only been blackmailed by Eddie Mars and is worried Brody is a new part of this. The entirety of ‘The Big Sleep is based around corruption and misconduct there are six murders that occur in total through the film and one happensShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Big Sleep1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn the books The Big Sleep and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, both authors, Raymond Chandler (The Big Sleep) and Simon Armitage (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight), create the protagonist of each story into archetypal knights. The protagonist of The Big Sleep is named Phillip Marlowe and in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the protagonist is named Sir Gawain. The 3 knightly qualities that we will be focusing on in this essay are self-sacrifice, loyalty and courage. These qualities are displayed throughoutRead MoreEssay on Similes in The Big Sleep908 Words   |  4 PagesSimiles in The Big Sleep      Ã‚   In response to Raymond Chandlers The Big Sleep, I have just one question. Why all the similes? There isnt a single page in the novel that doesnt display this annoying literary device. Everything is like this or like that. It never ends! Similar to decoding a secret message that isnt difficult to understand, but nevertheless tiring due to the overwhelming amount of messages, the novel is frustrating to read. The following analysis acknowledges ChandlersRead MoreThe Big Sleep By Raymond Chandler1291 Words   |  6 Pagescrimes, which was exactly what others were chasing. Raymond Chandler challenges and reflects upon these beliefs in his novel, â€Å"The Big Sleep†. In a society where greed is developed in every person, all other human values are replaced, which leads to the elimination of the ability to trust even the closest people in your life. The time period in which â€Å"The Big Sleep† was written has been characterized as â€Å"the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western worldRead MoreThe Big Sleep By Raymond Chandler1635 Words   |  7 PagesIn Raymond Chandler’s novel The Big Sleep, a private detective is trying to unravel a blackmailing case for a dying millionaire, General Sternwood. Philip Marlowe, the detective, finds that the case not only involves blackmail, but also homicide. Set and written in 1930’s America, the economic devastation of the Great Depression has a significant influence on the book’s plot, and showcases character’s struggle to retain honor and virtue in a world that revolves around profit-seeking delinquency andRead MoreThe Big Sleep By Raymond Chandler855 Words   |  4 Pageswoman in Los Angeles more cynically than others. Janet Fitch, a Los Angeles author, wrote White Oleander which portrayed the raw and real li ves of various woman throughout Los Angeles as unique individuals. In Raymond Chandler’s dark novel â€Å"The Big Sleep† Chandler’s descriptions of characters illustrates the misogynistic nature of Los Angeles society in the 1930’s. Although the nineteenth amendment had been passed ten years earlier, women continued to fight for equal rights. However, during theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Big Sleep 1074 Words   |  5 PagesNo other film was as controlled in its production as The Big Sleep. Every aspect of the film is so precise, that the filmmakers left nothing to chance. Every set was built inside, with the exception of a few exterior shots. The Big Sleep is a very visually interesting film that uses quick and precise cutting, harsh lighting, and wonderfully framed shots. The editing in The Big Sleep is extremely quick and precise, yet it is perfectly seamless. The cuts do not call any attention to themselvesRead MoreMovie Review : The Big Sleep 1267 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Review of The Big Sleep The Big Sleep was originally written as a novel in 1939 by Raymond Chandler. Philp Marlowe, a private investigator was hired by a wealthy general to help in resolve the blackmailing and gambling debts of his wild daughter, Carmen. Things get off to a quick start in the movie and it immediately begins to unravel, Marlowe suddenly had found himself in a deep web of love triangles, blackmail, murder, gambling, and organized crime. Vivian the oldest daughter of the generalRead MoreThe Big Sleep, By Raymond Chandler1981 Words   |  8 PagesIn Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep, detective Philip Marlowe is hired by the Sternwood family to deal with a blackmailer. Later, Marlowe’s case twists into a more complex assignment involving murders, pornography, missing persons and unknown culprits. Throughout the story, Marlowe encounters several characters that play a role in the case. Two sisters, named Vivian and Carmen, and their father, the General, make up the last of the weal thy Sternwood family. The general explains to Marlowe, that RustyRead MoreCorruption in Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep825 Words   |  3 PagesIn Raymond Chandler’s novel The Big Sleep, a private detective is trying to unravel a blackmailing case for a dying millionaire, General Sternwood. Philip Marlowe, the detective, finds that the case not only involves blackmail, but also homicide. Set and written in 1930’s America, the economic devastation of the Great Depression has a significant influence on the book’s plot, and showcases character’s struggle to retain honor and virtue in a world that revolves around profit-seeking delinquency andRead More A Comparison of Two Versions of The Big Sleep1518 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Versions of  The Big Sleep The Production Code attempted to censor sex and violence in film of the 1930s and 40s. Instead of impairing, it encouraged directors to use artistic ideas and integrity to surpass the viewers expectations -- actively involving them in the film despite Hollywoods censorship. Howard Hawks is one such director who used the restrictions of the Production Code to his advantage. His screen adaptation of the Raymond Chandler novel The Big Sleep portrays the same

The Possibilities of Ethical ICT Samples for Students -Myassignment

Questions: 1.Clearly State the Ethical Dilemma that confronts the Artificial Intelligence (AI) consultant. 2.Provide an Ethical response to the Dilemma according to consequences alone. Consider consequences for both the AI consultant and the cars Customers. 3.Provide an Ethical response to the Dilemma according to a consistent application of Principles alone. What duties does the AI consultant have in this scenario? 4.Provide an Ethical response to the Dilemma according to the typical response of a caring person. 5.The ACS Code of Professional Conduct extends the meaning of the six ethical values with requirements that contribute to observing the values. Examine the code and identify requirements (using value numbers 1-6 and a requirement letter) that are relevant to this case study. Explain for each requirement identified how it should be applied in this case study 5.Provide a defence, on ethical grounds, for the AI consultant in passing the AI components of the cars while knowing that further modelling could prevent possible consequences in the case of an accident Having completed your ethical analysis provide advice as to how the AI consultant could solve his ethical dilemma. Summarize your reasons. Answers: Introduction John, an Artificial Intelligence or AI consultant is associated with a project undertaken by an electric automobile organization. The automobile manufacturing organization has long been working on a project aim at developing a completely autonomous car and John, having a specialization in machine learning techniques, had been in charge of designing, developing and maintaining all the artificial intelligence components to be utilized in the car. Such being the scenario, this report is being documented with the sole aim of identifying the ethical dilemmas that John currently faces and the ideal manner in which he can response so as to overcome his dilemma. 1.Ethical dilemma that confronts the Artificial Intelligence consultant It has already been mentioned that John was associated with task of designing and developing the artificial intelligence components that are to be included in the self driven car, such that the car can maneuver without the interference of any human driver. Now, John is not sure of the efficiency of the in real life accidental scenarios and thus wants to spend some additional time in modeling specific accident scenarios that would help the product manufacturing team in identifying any issues that the AI components might have in managing such situations. John has informed the manufacturing organization of the fact that the development of these models is necessary to as to ensure the protection of customers from life risks. However, the organizational heads of the automobile manufacturing organization are of the opinion that developing such scenarios and testing the car using the same would take significant amount of time and there lies a very high probability that competitor organizations would release similar products in the mean time. The operational heads of the automobile company are willing to conduct the modeling activity after then a self-driven car is released in the market. Under such circumstances, as the sole Artificial Intelligence or AI consultant associated with the project, John currently faces the following ethical dilemmas: Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenari In this case, it might so happen that the passengers meet with certain accidental scenarios and the artificial components of the car do not operate in the most optimal manner, thus subjecting the passengers to risky situations. Depending on the seriousness of situation, such circumstances might lead to the loss of lives of the passengers. Needles to say, John would essentially be held responsible (even if indirectly) for the malfunctioning of the car and might be sued in the court of law. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario The information provided in the case study indicate that it is John who is not sure of the efficiency of the self driven car in accidental situations, whereas the car manufacturers are confident of the fact that the AI tools included in the car are much more efficient than human beings in avoiding accidents. However, it may so happen that the operational heads of the manufacturing organization go with the demands of John and agree to the demands of modeling the accidental scenarios before releasing the product in the market. There exist a very high probability that the entire process becomes significantly time consuming and any competitor organization releases similar products in the market in the mean time. The electrical car manufacturing organization in consideration would thus face huge financial losses and John would be directly responsible for the failure of the project. 2.Ethical response to the dilemma In this section of the report, discussions would be made on the probable consequences of the two cases that have been identified in the section above, with the sole aim of identifying the most ethical response that John is capable of making when the principles and consequences of his action are taken into consideration. Ethical response to the dilemma according to consequences Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenario In this particular case, the passengers relying o the AI components of the car might experience such accidental situations at which the previously mentioned components fail of provide optimal services. In the worst-case situation, the passengers might meet fatal accidents, leading to loss of lives. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario In the worst case situation, stressing on the modeling of the accidental scenarios prior to the release of the car in the market would indirectly lead to huge financial losses for the organization in consideration. In the light of the discussions made in the section above, it can thus be said that selecting the second option should be the most ethical response for John, as the total amount of loss resulting from this option would be significantly less than that of option a (Stahl, Flick Hall, 2013). 3.Ethical response to the dilemma according to a consistent application of principles Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenario In case John aggress to release the autonomous car in the market without prior modeling of accidental scenarios and accessing the efficiency of the AI component in such situations, he would be neglecting his duties to the society as a whole by allowing the release of potentially risky products in the market. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario However, in this case, John would be capable of performing all his duties to his profession and the society as a whole ( as mentioned in the ACS code of ethics) by ensuring the fact that all the artificial intelligence components included in the car are capable of avoiding any accidental situations that might lead to life risks of the passengers (Ville Jani, 2014). Moreover, the quality of the product would eventually help the company to gain back all the financial losses that it experienced because of competitors releasing the product before them. Thus, even in case the AI consultant should chose the second option as the same would allow him to perform the following duties: Developing quality products on the behalf of the organization he is working for Ensuring that the products he develops or services he provides are beneficial to the society as a whole (Stahl et al. 2014) 4.Ethical response to the dilemma according to the typical response of a caring person Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenario In this particular case, all efforts being made by AI consultant would ensure that the electrical car company is capable of releasing their new products within the estimated time duration of the project, thus allowing the organization to make huge financial benefits from the same. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario On the other hand, all effort made by the AI consultants in this case would be directed towards ensuring the safety of the passengers, besides enhancing the reputation of the company through the enhancement of the quality of product. Thus, from the perspective of a caring person, John should choose the second option. 5.ACS Codes applicable to the case study The following ACS codes are applicable for the case study under consideration The Primacy of the Public Interest Requirement: b and c- John sure ensure that the health and safety risks of the target customers are minimized, besides considering the entire situation from their perspective (Markus Mentzer, 2014). Professional Development Requirement: b- John should be aware of the negative effects of the product being designed on the society as a whole and make efforts towards reducing the same (Patrignani Whitehouse 2014). 6.Defense in behalf of John Irrespective of the discussions made in the section above, John still remains a mere consultant appointed by the electrical car manufacturing organization having no decisive power in the matter of finalizing the release date of the product (Kim et al. 2014). On the other hand, John has taken all the necessary step required for informing the higher management of the organization the consequences of releasing the product in the market without modeling the accidental scenarios (Dearden, 2012). Thus, he cannot be held responsible for the decisions taken by the higher management of the organization. Summary John has expressed his interests in developing modes of certain accident scenarios and testing the efficiency of the car before the same is made available in the market, as he himself is not sure of the efficiency of the vehicle in real life accidental scenarios. However, the higher authorities of the automobile corporation has dismissed his ideas and are willing to go ahead with the market release of the project. Under such circumstances, John can only advice the higher management of the electrical car company to go ahead with the modeling activities, thereby emphasizing on the consequences of not conducting the same and subjecting the customers to significant accidental risks. Bibliography Dearden, A. (2012, March). See no evil?: ethics in an interventionist ICTD. InProceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development(pp. 46-55). ACM. Iniesta-Bonillo, M. A., Snchez-Fernndez, R., Schlesinger, W. (2013). Investigating factors that influence on ICT usage in higher education: a descriptive analysis.International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing,10(2), 163-174. Kim, H. S., Kim, J. M., Lee, W. G. (2014). IE behavior intent: A study on ICT ethics of college students in Korea.The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher,23(2), 237-247. Markus, M. L., Mentzer, K. (2014). Foresight for a responsible future with ICT.Information Systems Frontiers,16(3), 353-368. Noordin, M. F. (2013). Application of privacy, security and ethics in Islamic concerned ICT.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,14(11), 1548-1554. Patrignani, N., Whitehouse, D. (2014). Slow Tech: a quest for good, clean and fair ICT.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,12(2), 78-92. Sestini, F. (2012). Collective awareness platforms: engines for sustainability and ethics.IEEE Technology and Society Magazine,31(4), 54-62. Stahl, B. C., Eden, G., Jirotka, M., Coeckelbergh, M. (2014). From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems.Information Management,51(6), 810-818. Stahl, B. C., Flick, C., Hall, R. (2013). Evaluating research quality in technology ethics.The possibilities of ethical ICT, 435. Stahl, B. C., Heersmink, R., Goujon, P., Flick, C., van den Hoven, J., Wakunuma, K., ... Rader, M. (2012). Identifying the ethics of emerging information and communication technologies: an essay on issues, concepts and method.Ethical Impact of Technological Advancements and Applications in Society, 61-79. Ville, K., Jani, K. (2014). Why (an) ethics code for information system development needs institutional support: there is even an upside for computing practitioners and businesses.ETHICOMP, Les Cordeliers, Paris, 25-27. Yang, S. C. (2012). Ethical academic judgments and behaviors: applying a multidimensional ethics scale to measure the ethical academic behavior of graduate students.Ethics Behavior,22(4), 281-296.