The Possibilities of Ethical ICT Samples for Students -Myassignment

Questions: 1.Clearly State the Ethical Dilemma that confronts the Artificial Intelligence (AI) consultant. 2.Provide an Ethical response to the Dilemma according to consequences alone. Consider consequences for both the AI consultant and the cars Customers. 3.Provide an Ethical response to the Dilemma according to a consistent application of Principles alone. What duties does the AI consultant have in this scenario? 4.Provide an Ethical response to the Dilemma according to the typical response of a caring person. 5.The ACS Code of Professional Conduct extends the meaning of the six ethical values with requirements that contribute to observing the values. Examine the code and identify requirements (using value numbers 1-6 and a requirement letter) that are relevant to this case study. Explain for each requirement identified how it should be applied in this case study 5.Provide a defence, on ethical grounds, for the AI consultant in passing the AI components of the cars while knowing that further modelling could prevent possible consequences in the case of an accident Having completed your ethical analysis provide advice as to how the AI consultant could solve his ethical dilemma. Summarize your reasons. Answers: Introduction John, an Artificial Intelligence or AI consultant is associated with a project undertaken by an electric automobile organization. The automobile manufacturing organization has long been working on a project aim at developing a completely autonomous car and John, having a specialization in machine learning techniques, had been in charge of designing, developing and maintaining all the artificial intelligence components to be utilized in the car. Such being the scenario, this report is being documented with the sole aim of identifying the ethical dilemmas that John currently faces and the ideal manner in which he can response so as to overcome his dilemma. 1.Ethical dilemma that confronts the Artificial Intelligence consultant It has already been mentioned that John was associated with task of designing and developing the artificial intelligence components that are to be included in the self driven car, such that the car can maneuver without the interference of any human driver. Now, John is not sure of the efficiency of the in real life accidental scenarios and thus wants to spend some additional time in modeling specific accident scenarios that would help the product manufacturing team in identifying any issues that the AI components might have in managing such situations. John has informed the manufacturing organization of the fact that the development of these models is necessary to as to ensure the protection of customers from life risks. However, the organizational heads of the automobile manufacturing organization are of the opinion that developing such scenarios and testing the car using the same would take significant amount of time and there lies a very high probability that competitor organizations would release similar products in the mean time. The operational heads of the automobile company are willing to conduct the modeling activity after then a self-driven car is released in the market. Under such circumstances, as the sole Artificial Intelligence or AI consultant associated with the project, John currently faces the following ethical dilemmas: Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenari In this case, it might so happen that the passengers meet with certain accidental scenarios and the artificial components of the car do not operate in the most optimal manner, thus subjecting the passengers to risky situations. Depending on the seriousness of situation, such circumstances might lead to the loss of lives of the passengers. Needles to say, John would essentially be held responsible (even if indirectly) for the malfunctioning of the car and might be sued in the court of law. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario The information provided in the case study indicate that it is John who is not sure of the efficiency of the self driven car in accidental situations, whereas the car manufacturers are confident of the fact that the AI tools included in the car are much more efficient than human beings in avoiding accidents. However, it may so happen that the operational heads of the manufacturing organization go with the demands of John and agree to the demands of modeling the accidental scenarios before releasing the product in the market. There exist a very high probability that the entire process becomes significantly time consuming and any competitor organization releases similar products in the market in the mean time. The electrical car manufacturing organization in consideration would thus face huge financial losses and John would be directly responsible for the failure of the project. 2.Ethical response to the dilemma In this section of the report, discussions would be made on the probable consequences of the two cases that have been identified in the section above, with the sole aim of identifying the most ethical response that John is capable of making when the principles and consequences of his action are taken into consideration. Ethical response to the dilemma according to consequences Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenario In this particular case, the passengers relying o the AI components of the car might experience such accidental situations at which the previously mentioned components fail of provide optimal services. In the worst-case situation, the passengers might meet fatal accidents, leading to loss of lives. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario In the worst case situation, stressing on the modeling of the accidental scenarios prior to the release of the car in the market would indirectly lead to huge financial losses for the organization in consideration. In the light of the discussions made in the section above, it can thus be said that selecting the second option should be the most ethical response for John, as the total amount of loss resulting from this option would be significantly less than that of option a (Stahl, Flick Hall, 2013). 3.Ethical response to the dilemma according to a consistent application of principles Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenario In case John aggress to release the autonomous car in the market without prior modeling of accidental scenarios and accessing the efficiency of the AI component in such situations, he would be neglecting his duties to the society as a whole by allowing the release of potentially risky products in the market. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario However, in this case, John would be capable of performing all his duties to his profession and the society as a whole ( as mentioned in the ACS code of ethics) by ensuring the fact that all the artificial intelligence components included in the car are capable of avoiding any accidental situations that might lead to life risks of the passengers (Ville Jani, 2014). Moreover, the quality of the product would eventually help the company to gain back all the financial losses that it experienced because of competitors releasing the product before them. Thus, even in case the AI consultant should chose the second option as the same would allow him to perform the following duties: Developing quality products on the behalf of the organization he is working for Ensuring that the products he develops or services he provides are beneficial to the society as a whole (Stahl et al. 2014) 4.Ethical response to the dilemma according to the typical response of a caring person Case 1: Autonomous car is released in the market without the prior modeling of accidental scenario In this particular case, all efforts being made by AI consultant would ensure that the electrical car company is capable of releasing their new products within the estimated time duration of the project, thus allowing the organization to make huge financial benefits from the same. Case 2: Autonomous car is released in the market with the prior modeling of accidental scenario On the other hand, all effort made by the AI consultants in this case would be directed towards ensuring the safety of the passengers, besides enhancing the reputation of the company through the enhancement of the quality of product. Thus, from the perspective of a caring person, John should choose the second option. 5.ACS Codes applicable to the case study The following ACS codes are applicable for the case study under consideration The Primacy of the Public Interest Requirement: b and c- John sure ensure that the health and safety risks of the target customers are minimized, besides considering the entire situation from their perspective (Markus Mentzer, 2014). Professional Development Requirement: b- John should be aware of the negative effects of the product being designed on the society as a whole and make efforts towards reducing the same (Patrignani Whitehouse 2014). 6.Defense in behalf of John Irrespective of the discussions made in the section above, John still remains a mere consultant appointed by the electrical car manufacturing organization having no decisive power in the matter of finalizing the release date of the product (Kim et al. 2014). On the other hand, John has taken all the necessary step required for informing the higher management of the organization the consequences of releasing the product in the market without modeling the accidental scenarios (Dearden, 2012). Thus, he cannot be held responsible for the decisions taken by the higher management of the organization. Summary John has expressed his interests in developing modes of certain accident scenarios and testing the efficiency of the car before the same is made available in the market, as he himself is not sure of the efficiency of the vehicle in real life accidental scenarios. However, the higher authorities of the automobile corporation has dismissed his ideas and are willing to go ahead with the market release of the project. Under such circumstances, John can only advice the higher management of the electrical car company to go ahead with the modeling activities, thereby emphasizing on the consequences of not conducting the same and subjecting the customers to significant accidental risks. Bibliography Dearden, A. (2012, March). See no evil?: ethics in an interventionist ICTD. InProceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development(pp. 46-55). ACM. Iniesta-Bonillo, M. A., Snchez-Fernndez, R., Schlesinger, W. (2013). 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